The Seventies - Part II

Stranger in a Strange Land

Robert Heinlein (A favorite author )

We moved to Ann Arbor in August 1970, and into our new home on our 16th Wedding Anniversary where we continued a moving tradition.  Moody goes to work on moving day and I stay with the movers.  He leaves from the old house and returns to the new place.  Instead of going out for dinner, a special home cooked meal is planned.

Moody with David and Corey

At the time, Ann Arbor's Black population was very small (It is still less than 9%.) and there had been racial incidents in the city and schools.  When our son, David, graduated from high school in 1974, he had less than 15 Black students in his graduating class.  By the time Corey and Cameron finished, there were more Black students.

Ann Arbor is kid friendly and very diverse because of the University.  We began to have friends from all over the world. We didn't realize it at the time, but the boys were being prepared for a multicultural world.

We were the only Black family in the neighborhood and the only problem we had was a neighbor next door.  He definitely wasn't ready for us.  He would lay down a string when he cut his grass to make sure he only cut on his property, watched the boys when they cut our grass or a serviceman came to work, told our friends not to park in front of his house, and came over often in an attempt to harass us. It was downright funny when he watered his lawn because he had a hard time keeping the sprinkler only on his property.  He was so distressed that he finally moved.

Cameron in the early 70s

The best neighbors in the world, part of the Ludema family

First day of school, 1971

Family - Mid '70s

Nineteen-seventy was the year six Black men were killed by local policemen in Augusta, Georgia and school desegregation was still being fought in courts.  Ronald Reagan, then Governor of California, signed into law a bill that prohibited the busing of students "for any purpose or any reason without the written permission of the parent or guardian." Protests against integration were held in the North and South. This made Moody's job very relevant. Additionally, students at the University of Michigan had just staged the Black Action Movement, securing demands for 10% African American student enrollment and increased African American faculty.

Moody's job meant traveling to districts and universities all over the country.  He was conducting research and workshops, testifying in Courts, writing grants and continuing his study of Black Superintendents.  The following article can explain PEO much better than I can. (Click article to read full size.)

He finished his doctorate and instead of a party we went with a group of friends to see Muddy Waters at a club in downtown Chicago.  We didn't know that they were recording the session, and as usual asked Muddy for a particular song.  We had been following him for years in small bars and clubs in Chicago and he was familiar with our requests. Years later, I brought home a new album by Muddy, and gave it to Moody.  All of a sudden he shouted, "It's our song."  The album was recorded on graduation night and you could hear Muddy dedicating "She's Nineteen Years Old" to his friends from Ann Arbor, Michigan.  Wow.  We were overjoyed.

True riches can be measured by the friends one has and we have been blessed with many. The Moores went to Central State with us and they welcomed us to Ann Arbor as soon as we arrived.  They made sure we got to meet their friends and introduced us to their Church, Bethel A.M.E., which we promptly joined.

Our home was always filled with students and professors working on research projects, seminars, or just wanting to talk about a dissertation.

Moody and Freddie, one his doctoral students.  We loved to mess up Freddie's afro so he would have to pat it back in order.  Freddie was pretty and always had a beautiful woman on his arm.

By 1971, I had a full time job, working as a human relations specialist and assisting the social studies coordinator. A report was written our first year in Ann Arbor called the Humaness Report that sought more integration and inclusion in the district. Our focus was integrating multiculturalism into the curriculum.  This was extremely difficult at the time because some people were not ready to make changes to the curriculum and others didn't believe that people of color had done enough to be included.  Still, there were many who embraced the new ideas and helped Ann Arbor become one of the early districts to embrace multiculturalism. You'd be surprised at the ugly mail you get when you have a position like this, but it goes with the territory.

Party at our home to meet the new superintendent, Bruce McPherson, as he talks with the Moores.

After a couple of years a new superintendent came to town and he made me take a job as a building administrator.  When I said made, I mean it.  At first he asked and I said no.  So he looked at me and figured out how to do it.  He eliminated the job I had.  Therefore, I had to take the job.

It was a middle school with three houses (grades 6,7,8) and instead of principals, they called us House Leaders.  I kept that job for about three years.  Loved the kids but missed teaching and went back two years as a teacher at Burns Park.  That lasted about two years.  Bruce only stayed a couple of years and we became good friends. Then another new superintendent recruited me into central administration as Coordinator for Staff Development and Multicultural Education, a position I held until I was hired by Eastern Michigan University as an assistant to the Dean in the College of Education in the '80s.

Halloween was big at Burns Park.  Yes, that's me in my husband's uniform.

I was one of those teachers who liked to dress up when teaching a particular subject

As the boys grew, so did my responsibilities at work.  Since Moody traveled a lot, I was often responsible for cooking breakfast and getting the boys off to school, instead of him.  This was a tragedy in our house, because as I said earlier, I love my bed. They had to leave earlier than me and would wait for me to call them before they got up. They loved my running down the hallway, clapping my hands, and telling them to get up because we were late. They still imitate me when we have family gatherings. Their next words would be, "burnt toast" as they knew my rushing around would produce an ill-prepared meal.

We have always been big on entertaining.  I think it's because when I was little we always had a house full of people.  One memorable party was the one we gave for Jesse Jackson when he received an honorary degree from Michigan. This is when he was in his prime and over 200 people attended, not all invited.  People came from everywhere.  Fortunately, the weather was nice and we could use the back yard in addition to the house.  Friends helped prepare the food, people brought their children to meet him and have their picture taken, flowers were everywhere, the music was soft and smooth, and no one wanted to leave and go home.

Chris and Hank at the party

Lunch with two friends, Letitia and Joetta

The Seventies - Part I

He who rides a tiger cannot dismount when he pleases.  ~Author Unknown

The idealism of the '60s curved 180 degrees into the cynicism of the '70s as Watergate took center stage. The flower children began to wilt.

For me, music tells a decade's story. As Dick Clark said, "Music is the soundtrack of your life." Marvin Gaye asked, What's Going On, and we responded, Mercy, Mercy, Me.  Roberta Flack wanted to know Where is the Love? and Aretha told us to Respect ourselves.  Mandela was in jail but Donny Hathaway sang, Someday, We'll All Be Free.  Inexplicably, living in a housing project was Good Times.  Was it Just My Imagination or were we Up, Up, and Away?

I always liked to stay in bed, sleeping or not, just enjoying the warmth and security of my bed.  It's a sunny day in July 1970. The phone rings.  I answer.  Someone wants us in Ann Arbor for a job interview for my husband.  Big joke and I tell them that.  Hang up phone.  Go back to sleep.  Friend calls husband that night and tell him about the call, but they want to know if his wife is crazy.  He doesn't answer.  He's afraid to tell them the truth, might hurt job interview.

OK.  Let's take the free trip but promise me you won't take the job.  Town too small. I love Chicago and couldn't bear to leave my family.  We go to Ann Arbor.  He breaks promise and takes job at the University of Michigan. We say good-bye to family and friends in Chicago.  They don't want us to go. We pack. We move. And so begins a new adventure that will last 31 years.

We found an apartment with four bedrooms and three bathrooms to live in until we found a house.  Pure luxury after living in a 900 sq. ft. home in Chicago. It was strange, we could live anywhere.  No one cared that we were Black.  They only wanted to know if we had the down payment.

I missed Chicago so much that I drove back 27 times the first year.  Right after the children left for school I would get in my car, drive to Chicago, chit chat, drive back to Ann Arbor to fix dinner.  It was a 240 mile trip and my record, that is documented, is two hours and 40 minutes.

No one was hiring and I needed a job.  I discovered that the school system needed someone who knew the Taba Curriculum Development Model, a concept development model for social studies.  I researched the model until I knew it well enough to get through the interview process and finally found myself a job. It was only part-time but it kept me off of I-94.

This was a totally different lifestyle for us. It was casual, free-thinking, intellectual, liberal, and everybody knew everything about you.  In Ann Arbor, football is everything.  Go Blue!

We finally found a home in an area called Glacier Highlands, with an elementary school in walking distance.  Plus, they only had like 20-25 children per classroom. We were the only African Americans in the neighborhood and our children had white friends for the first time in their lives.  They adapted and found their new life exciting and rewarding. You didn't need to lock your doors and boys and girls popped in at any time of the day. Our home in Ann Arbor.  I loved that redbud tree. Our oldest son went to middle school the first year and the younger two were in elementary school.  Of course, they all loved sports, and Ann Arbor was the perfect place for young families with athletic children.  Before we knew it our schedule was bursting.  I think this might work out. David, third from left on back row, baseball team Corey pitching Cameron, after falling off his bicycle It does not matter how slowly you go so long as you do not stop.   ~Confucius

A Salute to my Grandchildren

Grandchildren are God's way of compensating us for growing old. 

 ~Mary H. Waldrip

On October 10, 2009, I took this picture of Kelsey, my youngest grandchild. She was preparing to go to her homecoming dance.  It was a nostalgic shock for me because I knew then that I had no more grand babies.

No more grandma scary ghost stories until Katelyne cried;

no more babysitting, giving them candy, gum, and cookies, and keeping them up beyond bedtime;

no more, "Grandma, make some macaroni and cheese;"

no more, "Grandma, you're crazy;"

no more fashion shows with new clothes for school;

no more, "Grandma, I having a heat stroke," when they were tired of museum trips;

no more, "Grandma, I didn't break it, the floor broke it.;"

no more holding their hands when we cross the street;

no more loud laughs at ridiculous jokes;

no more Judge Judy plays;

they are now grown.

So what's a grandma to do?  I want to thank my grandchildren for some wonderful, playful days.  I want to thank them for being such disciplined athletes and scholars, yet keeping the ability to have fun and enjoy life.  I want to thank them for keeping me young in heart. I wish them health and happiness.  I want them to keep their  joie de vivre.  I know, it's getting sappy, but trust me, I'm feeling very old right now, yet happy to see what wonderful human beings they are.

So, please allow Grandma Moody to showcase them for a few moments.

The first grandchild, Charles, III

In 2007, Charles received his bachelor's degree from Morehouse College, and is a master's candidate at the University of Georgia and then plans to continue towards his Ph.D.  He likes to tease the girls that he is my favorite grandson.  Of course, he is.

Karia as a youngster

Today, Karia is an aspiring actress and singer.  She was an intern on a production this summer and has also attended Yale's Summer Drama Program. She sang at our 50th Wedding Anniversary Celebration.

Karia received her bachelor's, with honors,  from Spelman College in 2009.  She is pictured here with her proud parents, Karla and C. David Moody, Jr.  They live in the Atlanta area.

Karia at Kourtney's graduation

Grandma with Kelsey, Kourtney, and Katelyne

Kourtney

Kourtney, with her parents, Kimberly and Corey, was named one of the top ten student-athletes of Nevada in 2008.  She was the top female athlete in Las Vegas and graduated high school with a 4.5 gpa.  She is on the track team at Michigan.  Go Blue!

Prom 2008

Katelyne

Katelyne and Yul

Prom 2009

She graduated high school with honors and is a freshman at Purdue University.

Many say that she is just a younger version of me.

Katelyne is an outstanding soccer player

Kelsey, Kim, Katelyne, Kourtney, and Corey

Kelsey and Katelyne perform at our 50th Anniversary

Who's your Uncle?  Uncle Cameron has no children but loves his nieces and nephew.

Kelsey

Kelsey and Malcolm, ready for Homecoming 2009

Thank You,

Grandma Moody

The Sixties - Part IV - Serendipity

Tough Times Never Last But Tough People Do

In an earlier post I stated that our life has always been ruled by serendipity in a beneficial way. Mystical occurrences are commonplace and an invisible presence seem to follow and help us. For example, we never discovered how we got our first apartment and never discovered who recommended my husband for his job in the '50s as a lab technician.  We were blessed the way some things just kind of happened. We just went with the flow.

Twice in my life, it was expected that I was die.  The first time was in elementary school when I was ill with pneumonia.  It was June, the school year was almost over, so they took up a collection for flowers for my funeral, which was expected to be sometimes in July. The second time was in 1962, when pneumonia presented itself again. After spending three days in the hospital, I left, because the bills that were accumulating made me sicker. Somehow, I made it again.

After the birth of our third child, we were having financial problems.  Back in those days female teachers didn't take maternity leave because they wanted to, nor could you use sick days for pregnancy.  You had to leave in your fifth month and returned, with a doctor's note, when your baby was six months old. During that year of "leave" you received no pay so it was tough.

Neighbors, like the Wootens, used to bring us meals, claiming they had accidentally cooked too much food.  My sister, Susie, would accidentally buy too much food for her refrigerator and ask us to eat it so it wouldn't spoil.

Front Row: Sister Susie, who would bring food, Moody's sister, Martha

It was 1962, and Moody was a substitute teacher making $25 a day, our only income at the time, with no fringe benefits. He came home from work, and asked me how we were doing.  I told him that if we had $300 everything would be OK.  A moment later, the doorbell rang. It was a special delivery with a $300 check from his sister, Mary.  In the letter she wrote that she had been thinking of us and sent the check in case we needed something.

Moody, Martha, George, Mary, Joe, James, Horace, Albert

Seated is their Father, Professor Moody

One day, in August 1964, we were were over to a neighbor's house listening to his new stereo, which was high tech at the time. The neighbor wanted to hear my new Dinah Washington's album so I went home to get it. The phone rang while I was at home and I hesitated to answer it because I wanted to go back to hear the new stereo. Fortuitously, I lifted the receiver, and it was the Evanston School District, one of the best districts in the state, offering my husband a science teaching position.  Because it was so late in the school year, they were offering jobs to the first people they found at home.  I ran back to the neighbor's house, shouting the good news.  Suppose I hadn't answered that call?

In 1968, when my husband was a school superintendent in Harvey, Illinois, he was sitting at his desk while his secretary took lunch.  The telephone rang and he answered it. It was a wrong number. The caller was looking for someone in East Chicago Heights, and instead of hanging up, he identified the party for the caller and got the number for her.  They continued talking and the woman told him about her job, which was providing funds for people who needed grants.  Moody said, "That's ironic.  I'm looking for someone to fund my dissertation."

Well, before you knew it, he was on his way to New York to meet with Hylan Lewis, Dixie Moon, and Dr. Kenneth Clark, the psychologist who provided much of the research in the Brown v. Board of Education case that desegregated schools. It was a fruitful meeting and the Metropolitan Applied Research Center decided to fund his study to form the organization and help him complete his dissertation.

He wanted to study Black superintendents because there was zero research on the topic. Therefore, his dissertation had no review of the literature, usually a very vital part of a study.  At the time there were less than twenty in the entire country, all of them male in Black districts.  He was keeping a roster as he traveled to meetings around the country. His idea was to form an organization, the National Alliance of Black Superintendents that eventually grew to include all Black educators, the National Alliance of Black Educators (NABSE) that at its peak had over 10,000 members. (More about the organization in later posts.) This happened because he was nice to someone who dialed the wrong number.

We try not to dwell on disaster.  He sees the glass as half full and I see the glass as half empty. I began to tip over to his side when I heard a speaker in Tulsa.  She told the story about a young man who fell into the river after his boat tipped over.  He could not swim and was in danger of drowning.  His father, who also could not swim, watched in agony while standing on the shore.  He found a rope, threw it to his son, and began to reel him in.  The young man clutched the rope and as he began to pull, noticed there was a break in the rope.  Danger still awaited.  He yelled to his father and asked him what should he do. His father examined the rope, shouted to his son to reach beyond the break, which he did, and the father hauled his son to safety.

Dedication of Martin Luther King, Jr. School

That sort of summarizes our life.  We try to reach beyond the breaks.

Hard Times Will Make a Monkey Eat Pepper and Swear It's Sweet

The Sixties - Part III

Let us be grateful to people who make us happy,

they are the charming gardeners who make our souls blossom.  ~Marcel Proust

My speed (or drug of choice) was racing with my sister, Mary.  She drove a Buick and I drove a Cadillac, both with BIG engines.  We wouldn't think of driving with only six cylinders.

This is my sister, Mary with her husband, who raced with me.

My mother, in front of the Cadillac I would use to race

We each had three children and after midnight, we would load the kids into our respective cars, leave our husbands at home, and find a lonely stretch of road on the far south side of Cottage Grove Avenue.  We would wait at a red light and at the first inkling of the light changing to green, we would literally push the pedal to the metal.  The first person to reach the next red light would win the race.  Our children, in the back seats, with no seat belts, would jump and cheer us on as we would race over 100 mph on a CITY STREET.  We were crazy and didn't even know it, but it was fun.  Can you imagine that happening today?  What was the most foolish thing you did in your twenties?

On all family road trips, I was the chief driver, and I was always trying to set a record. We didn't worry about gas mileage because a gallon of gasoline only cost between 30 and 35 cents. The children preferred my driving because they liked speed, also, and Daddy drove too slowly and carefully for them.

My mother had a large old-fashioned porch.  It was not unusual to find at least ten of us sitting on the porch on any given day. The children waited for the ice cream truck and we hoped that my Mom was cooking dinner.  As neighbors walked by, everyone spoke.  It was like living in a small town.

Once, and only once, I took Moody to the Opera House to see Boris Godunov.  Since it was our first trip to the opera, I borrowed clothes from my sister, so I could look like I belonged. He slept through most of the opera and I awoke him during intermission so we could go buy a drink.  In the lobby we saw his former ROTC Colonel and his wife.  Mrs. Ray was very elegant; she had a diamond pin on a sleek, black silk dress.  Every hair was in place and her make-up was impeccable.  Colonel Ray was tall, dark, and handsome in his black suit and stiff white shirt.  They looked like they belonged.

We exchanged greetings and Mrs. Ray asked if we were "patrons of the opera."  While I tried to compose some reply that didn't sound provincial, Moody responded.  "No," he said.  "We're just here because we have free tickets.  This dude started dying in the first act.  Every time I think he is about to die, he jumps ups and sings another song.  Will this guy ever die?"  Stunned, everyone just looked at him and smiled.  In 1989, when we traveled to Russia, we saw a statue of Godunov in a museum.  I pointed it out to him, saying, "Look, Moody, your opera."  "Well," he responded, "that guy finally died."

As popular culture changed so did the music. The music of Motown flooded the country and many teenagers formed groups, sang on corners, and waited for Barry Gordy to discover them.  Motown is credited, by many, with helping music to "crossover."  Before, Blacks listened to so-called race music on Black stations and white radio stations did not play Black music. Some Black music could only be played on white stations if the song had been "covered" by a white group.  The sixties changed that.

We loved our parties

The new music meant new dances.  Boy, did we dance during the sixties. The Twist started the rage in non-contact dancing.  You could dance with a partner or dance alone.  No one cared. There was the Mess Around, the Hucklebuck, the Fly, the Watusi, the Stroll, the Mashed Potato, the Hitchhike, the Monkey, the Chicken, the Jerk, the Stroll, and many more.

This is a picture from the Snowstorm of the Century, January 1967.  This storm provided the biggest disruption of the city since the Chicago Fire of 1871. A record 23 inches of snow fell, with drifts of over 6 feet.  The city was paralyzed with the airports, schools, and many business closed. Cars and buses were abandoned.  My husband could not get home from Evanston but I made it home. Evelyn Gay's husband brought friends and literally picked up our cars in the parking lot at our school and placed them into "ruts" so we could make it home.  The drive home was terrifying.  You didn't dare leave the ruts because you would get stuck in a drift.  A fifteen minute trip took almost an hour. Once I arrived home, neighbors gathered to determine what food each of us had and how we could share to make sure no one was hungry.  A few of us trudged up to 95th Street, looking for any open store and buying any staples we could find.  This is truly one of those times when you had to be there to appreciate it.

Our life has been filled with contrasting images. One benefit of the '60s (for us) was the rich man we met who used to fly us first class across the country to integrate parties and dinners. We stayed in fancy, five star hotels and had a driver at our disposal.  He lived in a fabulous home in the Bay Area Hills and he introduced us to a life we only knew about in the movies.  Riding in a limo after being shot at in Mississippi can jar your senses.  Which is real? Having cocktails in a home that overlooked the bright lights of the city before being chauffeured to a five star restaurant to eat foods we didn't even know existed can awaken your awareness.  We had no idea how large the gap was between the rich and the poor. It strengthened our resolve to do more for others, especially in the field of education.

Husband with two of our children, 1961

L. to R. -  Sisters Mary and Evelyn, Betty, and Valjean

During this decade we began a soon to be life-long experience of bringing other children into our home and working with young people on an individual basis.  They call it mentoring now.  I wish I had kept count of the number of children who call us Mom and Dad. We wanted to adopt a couple of my eighth graders but were told that we were too young and already had three children.  So, we did the next best thing.  They just came when they could and we helped when we could.  We didn't know that our mentoring would increase exponentially in the next three decades.

Article in paper when I worked in Park Forest

On June 20, 1969, we took the children fishing with my sister, her husband, and their children.  It was a relaxing, carefree day.  In early evening, we rushed home to sit in front of our television to see something President Kennedy had asked Americans to do.  We watched with disbelief as Americans walked on the moon.  It was riveting. The entire country was enthralled as new heroes were born. My mom, and she was not alone, refused to believe that they were on the moon.  She said they were televising this from Wyoming or Montana.

One of the most dynamic decades was winding down.  We didn't realize it but our time in Chicago was coming to an end.

Bookends of the '60s:

Kennedy and Nixon;

cold war and real war;

segregation and integration;

black and white television and color television;

talking about space travel and traveling to the moon;

back of the bus and anywhere you want to sit;

colonialism and independence;

race music stations and music on all stations

Relationships are all there is. 

Everything in the universe only exists because it is in relationship to everything else.

The Sixties- Counterculture Part II

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal."

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.

I have a dream today.

Martin Luther King, Jr.

There was so much going on in the '60s.  It was like a crazy quilt and trying to make sense of the decade can be mind boggling.  We witnessed a shared history that was filtered by our life's experiences.  To some the decade of the sixties was all about rock and roll, drugs, and free love (helped along with the pill) as a protest to conservatism and social repression of earlier years.

To others it was the rise of feminism: burning bras, ditching restrictive girdles, and trying find a ladder to climb up and break the glass ceiling. Others spent part of the '60s protesting and marching against the war in Vietnam, leading to the downfall of President Johnson. Still, others were immersed in the civil rights movement, marching, sitting in at lunch counters, and riding the bus to freedom.  It was an exciting and radical decade.  Somehow many of these causes, while separate, intersected and built to a huge crescendo by the end of the decade. Remember the 1968 Democratic Convention in Chicago?  That was wild.

My Aunt Osie in the 60s

What did we do during the 60s?  We missed the wild side of the sixties. I was never a flower child, we didn't do drugs, and didn't go to Woodstock.  Our chief focus was the civil rights movement, raising our young family, and working hard to achieve the so-called American Dream.  However, we were like Rosa Parks, tired of being at the back of the bus. The seminal event of the '60s to us was King's March on Washington where he delivered his prophetic I Have A Dream Speech.

Rosa Parks was one of the gentlest women I've ever met.  She was also composed and friendly.

We were old enough to understand the power and passion of his speech, and young enough to have hope and optimism for the future.  We were on the cusp of a new way of life for Black Americans. Our parents, who were born in the late 1800s, did not have the same confidence.  They had seen too much and been the recipients of many broken promises and prejudices.

The Sixties changed America and the world.  A blog is not the place to rewrite an entire decade, and much of what happened outside of my home is a blur because teaching school (sometimes two shifts), working on my master's degree, and being a mom/housewife took all of my energy.  Sometimes I was overwhelmed.  My husband was a school superintendent in the southern suburbs, worked on his Ph.D at Northwestern in the northern suburbs, and we lived in the city.  It was tough for both of us, but worth every minute.

Central State Alumni Club picnic in the 60s

Easter was a big Day.  You dressed in your best.  Sons Corey and Cam with me.

My mother with four of her 10 brothers and sisters.  The aunt on the far right is still alive and well at 102.

David and his daddy in the '60s

The Moody Clan in Louisiana, late '60s for my husband's mother funeral.  He had six brothers and two sisters.

The 60s impacted the entire world.

• Africa awoke and 32 nations received their independence from colonialism.
• The first African America mayor of a major American city was elected.
• James Meredith registered at Ole Miss.
• Martin Luther King, Jr. won a Nobel Peace Prize.  He was the second African American to win it, Ralph Bunche in 1950 was the first.
• A wave of assassinations threaten to disrupt the movement.
• Thurgood Marshall was appointed to the Supreme Court.
• Sidney Poitier won an Oscar for Lilies of the Field.
• Bill Cosby starred in a TV series, I Spy.

The times were a-changing.